Category Archives: Uncategorized

The following supplements may be useful for treating temporomandibular joint disorders:

Cacao

Chondroitin

Collagen

Glucosamine

Grape Seed Extract

N-acetyl cysteine

Superoxide Dismutase

References:

A randomized double-blind clinical trial of the effect of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine hydrochloride on temporomandibular joint disorders: a pilot study. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11842864

Dietary grape seed polyphenols repress neuron and glia activation in trigeminal ganglion and trigeminal nucleus caudalis. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21143976

N-acetyl cysteine protects TMJ chondrocytes from oxidative stress. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21088145

Repression of calcitonin gene-related peptide expression in trigeminal neurons by a Theobroma cacao extract. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17997062

The effects of collagen hydrolysat on symptoms of chronic fibromyalgia and temporomandibular joint pain. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11202824

Use of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction–a preliminary study. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7890991

Twin studies show that self-defeating behavior is heritable. One study estimated it as 54 percent heritable. Another study showed that self-defeating behavior is linked to abnormal HPA axis functioning. Self-defeating people also tend to be lonely and receive fewer rewards from socializing, as indicated by brain imaging studies.

References:

A twin study of personality disorders. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11086146

In the eye of the beholder: individual differences in perceived social isolation predict regional brain activation to social stimuli. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18476760

Personality pathology, depression and HPA axis functioning. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12404565

Benzodiazepine medications are useful in treating a variety of anxiety disorders, including social anxiety. The medications used in these studies include:

Alprazolam

Clonazepam

Diazepam

References:

A 2-year follow-up of social phobia. Status after a brief medication trial. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8994456

A comparison of the efficacy of clonazepam and cognitive-behavioral group therapy for the treatment of social phobia. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11043885

A pilot study of clonazepam versus psychodynamic group therapy plus clonazepam in the treatment of generalized social anxiety disorder. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18774274

A pilot study of treatment of social phobia with alprazolam. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3282451

Alprazolam in the treatment of social phobia. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3335485

Clinical features and treatment outcome in Japanese patients with social anxiety disorder: chart review study. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16884440

Clonazepam for the treatment of social phobia. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2228982

Clonazepam in the treatment of social phobia: a pilot study. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2186023

Defense style changes with the addition of psychodynamic group therapy to clonazepam in social anxiety disorder. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19597364

Discontinuation of clonazepam in the treatment of social phobia. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9790154

Double-blind, placebo-controlled assessment of combined clonazepam with paroxetine compared with paroxetine monotherapy for generalized social anxiety disorder. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15003080

Long-term treatment of social phobia with clonazepam. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1757453

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in social phobia: preliminary findings. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8276746

Reinforcing effects of diazepam under anxiogenic conditions in individuals with social anxiety. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16366765

Social phobia and clonazepam. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2372756

Treatment of social phobia with clonazepam and placebo. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8120156

Nanobacteria are involved in some medical conditions that involve calcification. Nanobacteria may not actually be bacteria, but actually calcified nanoparticles. Conditions involving nanobacteria include:

cystitis

gallstones

heart disease

HIV

kidney stones

ovarian cancer

periodontitis

polycystic kidney disease

prostatitis

vaginitis

References:

A potential cause for kidney stone formation during space flights: enhanced growth of nanobacteria in microgravity. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15673296

A preliminary investigation into light-modulated replication of nanobacteria and heart disease. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13678461

An alternative interpretation of nanobacteria-induced biomineralization. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11027350

An animal model of black pigment gallstones caused by nanobacteria. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16865581

Anti-nanobacterial therapy for men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and prostatic stones: preliminary experience. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15643213

Anticalcifying nanoparticle antibody titer is an independent risk factor for coronary artery calcification. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21709548

Aortic valve-derived calcifyng nanoparticles: no evidence of life. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22748635

Association between antibodies against calcifying nanoparticles and mitral annular calcification. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21214099

Association between calcifying nanoparticles and placental calcification. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22615531

Association between Randall’s plaque and calcifying nanoparticles. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18488421

Association between self-replicating calcifying nanoparticles and aortic stenosis: a possible link to valve calcification. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18192703

Calcification in coronary artery disease can be reversed by EDTA-tetracycline long-term chemotherapy. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15364120

Calcifying nanoparticles associated encrusted urinary bladder cystitis. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18990947

Characterization of granulations of calcium and apatite in serum as pleomorphic mineralo-protein complexes and as precursors of putative nanobacteria. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19412552

Cultivation and morphology of nanobacteria in sera of patients with kidney calculi. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20721260

Culture and identification of nanobacteria in bile. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12609067

Decreased nanobacteria levels and symptoms of nanobacteria-associated interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome after tetracycline treatment. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19760079

Detection and isolation of nanobacteria-like particles from urinary stones: long-withheld data. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21488976

Detection of nanobacteria in patients with chronic prostatitis and vaginitis by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21461284

Detection of nanobacteria infection in type III prostatitis. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18538692

Detection of nanobacteria-like material from calcified cardiac valves with rheumatic heart disease. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19747855

Detection of nanobacteria-like particles in human atherosclerotic plaques. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16196199

Effect of nanobacteria on cell damage and crystal retention in renal tubular epithelial cells. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20721259

Endotoxin and nanobacteria in polycystic kidney disease. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10844606

Establishment nephrolithiasis rat model induced by nanobacteria and analysis of stone formation. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20721258

Evidence for calcifying nanoparticles in gingival crevicular fluid and dental calculus in periodontitis. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19722797

Evidence of nanobacterial-like structures in calcified human arteries and cardiac valves. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15142839

Fetuin-A/albumin-mineral complexes resembling serum calcium granules and putative nanobacteria: demonstration of a dual inhibition-seeding concept. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19956594

Hemoglobin aggregates studied under static and dynamic conditions involving the formation of nanobacteria-like structures. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22750818

Identification of nanobacteria in human arthritic synovial fluid by method validated in human blood and urine using 200 nm model nanoparticles. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18522113

Inhibition of nanobacteria by antimicrobial drugs as measured by a modified microdilution method. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12069958

Intracellular co-localization of SPLUNC1 protein with nanobacteria in nasopharyngeal carcinoma epithelia HNE1 cells depended on the bactericidal permeability increasing protein domain. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16364440

Isolation, cultivation and identification of nanobacteria from placental calcification. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22524984

Isolation, cultivation and initial identification of Nanobacteria from dental pulp stone. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17074192

Light-induced replication of nanobacteria: a preliminary report. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12470452

Link between the early calcium deposition in placenta and nanobacterial-like infection. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17954977

Lithogenesis: induction of renal calcifications by nanobacteria. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16425019

Morphological and immunological characteristics of nanobacteria from human renal stones of a north Indian population. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15205851

Nanobacteria are mineralo fetuin complexes. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18282102

Nanobacteria in serum, bile and gallbladder mucosa of cholecystolithiasis patients. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12882669

Nanobacteria may be linked to calcification in placenta. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22559042

Nanobacteria may be linked to testicular microlithiasis in infertility. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19779212

Nanobacteria promote crystallization of psammoma bodies in ovarian cancer. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14616547

Nanobacteria-like particles in human arthritic synovial fluids. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16674119

Nanobacteria: a possible etiology for type III prostatitis. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20488493

Nanobacteria: an alternative mechanism for pathogenic intra- and extracellular calcification and stone formation. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9653177

Nanobacteria: an infectious cause for kidney stone formation. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10571799

Nanobacteria. An experimental neo-lithogenesis model. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10900759

Presence of nanobacteria in psammoma bodies of ovarian cancer: evidence for pathogenetic role in intratumoral biomineralization. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15569055

Primordial proteins and HIV. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15822945

Purported nanobacteria in human blood as calcium carbonate nanoparticles. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18385376

Putative nanobacteria represent physiological remnants and culture by-products of normal calcium homeostasis. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19198665

Search for microbial signatures within human and microbial calcifications using soft x-ray spectromicroscopy. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17169258

The detection of nanobacteria infection in serum of healthy Chinese people. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15231124

Several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have linked certain genes, regions, and single nucleotide polymorphisms to personality traits. These include:

Agreeableness: 2p, 6q, 17q24, 21q, CLOCK rs6832769

Conscientiousness: 20p13 rs1434789, DYRK1A rs2835731

Extraversion: 1p, 1q, 9p, 12q, CDH13, CDH23, KIAA0802

Neuroticism: 19q, 21q22, 22q, LCE3C, LMAN1L, NKAIN2, POLR3A, SCAMP2, SNAP25 rs362584, ULK3

Openness: 12q, 19q, CNTNAP2 rs10251794

References:

A genome-wide association study of neuroticism in a population-based sample. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20634892

A genome-wide linkage study of individuals with high scores on NEO personality traits. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21826060

An alternative to the search for single polymorphisms: toward molecular personality scales for the five-factor model. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21114353

Common SNPs explain some of the variation in the personality dimensions of neuroticism and extraversion. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22832902

Genome-wide association scan for five major dimensions of personality. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18957941

Genome-wide association uncovers shared genetic effects among personality traits and mood states. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22628180

The genetic association between personality and major depression or bipolar disorder. A polygenic score analysis using genome-wide association data. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22833196

Grape seed extract is a supplement that has the following health benefits in human and lab animal experiments:

1. reduces tumor growth

2. protects against colon cancer

3. protects against skin cancer

4. protects against lung cancer

5. protects against prostate cancer

6. protects against liver cancer

7. protects against breast cancer

8. has anticonvulsant properties

9. helps prevent fat accumulation

10. protects the heart against cardiac injury

11. alleviates inflammation

12. protects the brain

13. protects against liver injury

14. improves cognitive performance

15. protects against diabetic nephropathy

16. improves insulin function

17. decreases oxidized LDL cholesterol

18. accelerates skeletal muscle recovery

19. maintains endothelial function

20. protects against gastric injury

21. reduces leg swelling

22. maintains kidney function

23. inhibits cataract formation

24. helps treat asthma

25. prevents tau aggregation

26. improves gut barrier integrity

27. prevents the development of liver fibrosis

28. protects against pulmonary fibrosis

29. lowers triglycerides

30. reduces glucose

31. ameliorates osteoarthritis

32. accelerates wound healing

33. improves muscle mitochondrial function

34. enhances neurogenesis

35. inhibits thrombosis

36. helps treat temporomandibular joint problems

37. improves liver function in NAFLD

38. may extend lifespan in Huntington’s disease

39. improves nerve function in diabetes

40. enhances bone strength

41. reduces stress

42. reduces chloasma

References:

A comparative study of grape seed extract and vitamin E effects on silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18547852

Accelerated skeletal muscle recovery after in vivo polyphenol administration. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22079208

Acute administration of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract modulates energetic metabolism in skeletal muscle and BAT mitochondria. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21401106

Adaptogenic and nootropic activities of aqueous extract of Vitis vinifera (grape seed): an experimental study in rat model. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15656916

Age-related oxidative protein damages in central nervous system of rats: modulatory role of grape seed extract. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16009524

Amelioration of doxorubicin-induced myocardial oxidative stress and immunosuppression by grape seed proanthocyanidins in tumour-bearing mice. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16102261

Ameliorative effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on thioacetamide-induced mouse hepatic fibrosis. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22863721

Anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract in preventing cyclosporine A-induced nephropathy. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22257215

Anti-thrombotic effect of proanthocyanidin, a purified ingredient of grape seed. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567462

Anti-tumor-promoting activity of a polyphenolic fraction isolated from grape seeds in the mouse skin two-stage initiation-promotion protocol and identification of procyanidin B5-3′-gallate as the most effective antioxidant constituent. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10469619

Antiapoptotic and antioxidant effects of GSPE in preventing cyclosporine A-induced cardiotoxicity. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22299713

Antihypertensive and cognitive effects of grape polyphenols in estrogen-depleted, female, spontaneously hypertensive rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16105821

Antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects of proanthocyanidin and ginkgo biloba extract against doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury in rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23112126

Antithrombotic effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins extract in a rat model of deep vein thrombosis. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21095090

Beneficial effects of grape seed extract on malondialdehyde-modified LDL. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17616006

Bioactive phytochemical proanthocyanidins inhibit growth of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells by targeting multiple signaling molecules. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23050025

Cardioprotective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins on isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury in rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16828181

Cardioprotective effect of grape-seed proanthocyanidins on doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity in rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23134235

Cardioprotective effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin against ischemic reperfusion injury. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10371703

Cardioprotective effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins extracts in streptozocin induced diabetic rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18030059

Catechin-rich grape seed extract supplementation attenuates diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6J mice. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21829010

Chardonnay grape seed procyanidin extract supplementation prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity in hamsters by improving adipokine imbalance and oxidative stress markers. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19035554

Chemoprevention by grape seed extract and genistein in carcinogen-induced mammary cancer in rats is diet dependent. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15570052

Chronic administration of dietary grape seed extract increases colonic expression of gut tight junction protein occludin and reduces fecal calprotectin: a secondary analysis of healthy Wistar Furth rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23146776

Chronic dietary supplementation of proanthocyanidins corrects the mitochondrial dysfunction of brown adipose tissue caused by diet-induced obesity in Wistar rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21733324

Combined preconditioning and postconditioning provides synergistic protection against liver ischemic reperfusion injury. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22701341

Consumption of grape seed extract prevents amyloid-beta deposition and attenuates inflammation in brain of an Alzheimer’s disease mouse. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19384583

Decrease of adenosine deaminase activity and increase of the lipid peroxidation after acute methotrexate treatment in young rats: protective effects of grape seed extract. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20029956

Dermal wound healing properties of redox-active grape seed proanthocyanidins. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12374620

Dietary feeding of grape seed extract prevents intestinal tumorigenesis in APCmin/+ mice. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20072658

Dietary grape seed polyphenols repress neuron and glia activation in trigeminal ganglion and trigeminal nucleus caudalis. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21143976

Dietary grape seed proanthocyanidins inhibit 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate-caused skin tumor promotion in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-initiated mouse skin, which is associated with the inhibition of inflammatory responses. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19158151

Dietary grape seed proanthocyanidins inhibit UVB-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression and other inflammatory mediators in UVB-exposed skin and skin tumors of SKH-1 hairless mice. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20143255

Dietary grape seed proanthocyanidins inhibit UVB-induced oxidative stress and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-kappaB signaling in in vivo SKH-1 hairless mice. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17363493

Dietary grape-seed proanthocyanidin inhibition of ultraviolet B-induced immune suppression is associated with induction of IL-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15987716

Dietary procyanidins enhance transcriptional activity of bile acid-activated FXR in vitro and reduce triglyceridemia in vivo in a FXR-dependent manner. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19496086

Dietary procyanidins lower triglyceride levels signaling through the nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18720348

Dietary-feeding of grape seed extract prevents azoxymethane-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci formation in fischer 344 rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20564341

Effect of Grape Seed Extract and Quercetin on Cardiovascular and Endothelial Parameters in High-Risk Subjects. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15577189

Effect of grape seed extract on blood pressure in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19608210

Effect of grape seed extracts on blood lipids in rabbits model with hyperlipidemia. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12561546

Effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts on methylmercury-induced neurotoxicity in rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22116679

Effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins on colon aberrant crypts and breast tumors in a rat dual-organ tumor model. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11759289

Effect of selenium and grape seed extract on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23456451

Effects of grape seed extract and its ethylacetate/ethanol fraction on blood glucose levels in a model of type 2 diabetes. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19172663

Effects of grape seed extract in Type 2 diabetic subjects at high cardiovascular risk: a double blind randomized placebo controlled trial examining metabolic markers, vascular tone, inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin sensitivity. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19646193

Effects of grape seed extract, vitamin C, and vitamin e on ethanol- and aspirin-induced ulcers. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22162675

Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on oxidative stress induced by diabetes in rat kidney. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21987116

Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts on aortic pulse wave velocity in streptozocin induced diabetic rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19502731

Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts on peripheral nerves in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18797155

Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins extract on mandibles in developing rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14996291

Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins extracts on AGEs and expression of bone morphogenetic protein-7 in diabetic rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18949727

Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins extracts on experimental diabetic nephropathy in rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17290746

Effects of Oligomeric Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins on Heart, Aorta, Kidney in DOCA-Salt Mice: Role of Oxidative Stress. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22903376

Effects of oligomeric grape seed proanthocyanidins on isoproterenol-induced cardiac remodeling in rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20931756

Efficacy of grape seed proanthocyanidins on cardioprotection during isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury in rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19188839

Efficacy of grape seed proanthocyanidins on serum and heart tissue lipids in rats subjected to isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17919987

Experimental model for treating pulmonary metastatic melanoma using grape-seed extract, red wine and ethanol. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15899219

Flavonoids from grape seeds prevent increased alcohol-induced neuronal lipofuscin formation. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15208161

Gastroprotective Effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extracts against Nonsteroid Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Induced Gastric Injury in Rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23710308

Generation of reactive oxygen species by grape seed extract causes irreparable DNA damage leading to G2/M arrest and apoptosis selectively in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22266465

Grape derived polyphenols attenuate tau neuropathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20858961

Grape proanthocyanidins induce apoptosis by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential of human non-small cell lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22087318

Grape seed and skin extract alleviates high-fat diet-induced renal lipotoxicity and prevents copper depletion in rat. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23537016

Grape seed and skin extract prevents high-fat diet-induced brain lipotoxicity in rat. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22684284

Grape seed and skin extract protects against acute chemotherapy toxicity induced by doxorubicin in rat heart. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22290400

Grape seed extract (Vitis vinifera) partially reverses high fat diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6J mice. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20016723

Grape seed extract alleviates high-fat diet-induced obesity and heart dysfunction by preventing cardiac siderosis. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21234706

Grape seed extract attenuates lung parenchyma pathology in ovalbumin-induced mouse asthma model: an ultrastructural study. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22609098

Grape Seed Extract Efficacy against Azoxymethane-induced Colon Tumorigenesis in A/J Mice: Interlinking miRNA with Cytokine Signaling and Inflammation. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23639480

Grape seed extract enhances neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus in C57BL/6 mice. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21043032

Grape seed extract for reduction of renal disturbances following reperfusion in rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23314139

Grape seed extract inhibits advanced human prostate tumor growth and angiogenesis and upregulates insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14696100

Grape seed extract inhibits in vitro and in vivo growth of human colorectal carcinoma cells. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17062697

Grape seed extract prevents azathioprine toxicity in rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20564510

Grape seed extract reduces oxidative stress and fibrosis in experimental biliary obstruction. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17565645

Grape seed extract supplementation prevents high-fructose diet-induced insulin resistance in rats by improving insulin and adiponectin signalling pathways. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21736810

Grape seed extract to improve liver function in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver change. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20616415

Grape seed extract treatment reduces hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18165941

Grape seed polyphenolic extract specifically decreases aβ*56 in the brains of Tg2576 mice. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21743132

Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) and antioxidant defense in the brain of adult rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16572044

Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) attenuates collagen-induced arthritis. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19446580

Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract alleviates ouabain-induced vascular remodeling through regulation of endothelial function. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22895622

Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract ameliorates monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21795829

Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract attenuates airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in a murine model of asthma by downregulating inducible nitric oxide synthase. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21452107

Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract attenuates allergic inflammation in murine models of asthma. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22836658

Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract reduces renal ischemia/reperfusion injuries in rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22157385

Grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts enhance endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression through 5′-AMP activated protein kinase/Surtuin 1-Krüpple like factor 2 pathway and modulate blood pressure in ouabain induced hypertensive rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22987017

Grape seed proanthocyanidin lowers brain oxidative stress in adult and middle-aged rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21871550

Grape seed proanthocyanidin reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibiting ischemia/reperfusion-induced activation of JNK-1 and C-JUN. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11557310

Grape seed proanthocyanidins ameliorate diabetic nephropathy via modulation of levels of AGE, RAGE and CTGF. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19142024

Grape seed proanthocyanidins ameliorates isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury in rats by stabilizing mitochondrial and lysosomal enzymes: an in vivo study. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17991491

Grape seed proanthocyanidins correct dyslipidemia associated with a high-fat diet in rats and repress genes controlling lipogenesis and VLDL assembling in liver. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19581912

Grape seed proanthocyanidins extract promotes bone formation in rat’s mandibular condyle. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15693829

Grape seed proanthocyanidins improved cardiac recovery during reperfusion after ischemia in isolated rat hearts. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976164

Grape seed proanthocyanidins inhibit the growth of human non-small cell lung cancer xenografts by targeting insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, tumor cell proliferation, and angiogenic factors. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19188152

Grape seed procyanidin extract reduces the endotoxic effects induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23439188

Grape seed procyanidins improve β-cell functionality under lipotoxic conditions due to their lipid-lowering effect. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22995387

Grape seed-derived procyanidins have an antihyperglycemic effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and insulinomimetic activity in insulin-sensitive cell lines. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15271880

Grape-derived polyphenolics prevent Abeta oligomerization and attenuate cognitive deterioration in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18562609

Grape-seed proanthocyanidins ameliorate contact hypersensitivity induced by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) and inhibit T cell proliferation in vitro. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22281017

GSPE interferes with tau aggregation in vivo: implication for treating tauopathy. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22054871

How does colistin-induced nephropathy develop, and can it be treated? http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23629704

Immunomodulatory and antitumor activities of grape seed proanthocyanidins. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21995732

Improvement of mitochondrial function in muscle of genetically obese rats after chronic supplementation with proanthocyanidins. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21726097

In vivo protection of dna damage associated apoptotic and necrotic cell deaths during acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxicity, amiodarone-induced lung toxicity and doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by a novel IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11334364

Ingestion of IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract to prevent selenite-induced oxidative stress in experimental cataract. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16814068

Inhibition of arsenic-induced rat liver injury by grape seed exact through suppression of NADPH oxidase and TGF-β/Smad activation. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21605584

Inhibition of UVB-induced skin phototoxicity by a grape seed extract as modulator of nitrosative stress, ERK/NF-kB signaling pathway and apoptosis, in SKH-1 mice. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23567245

Inhibitory effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on selenite-induced cataract formation and possible mechanism. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22886980

Lipogenesis is decreased by grape seed proanthocyanidins according to liver proteomics of rats fed a high fat diet. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20332082

Low doses of grape seed procyanidins reduce adiposity and improve the plasma lipid profile in hamsters. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22584454

Mechanical assessment of effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins extract on tibial bone diaphysis in rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15951633

Mechanical evaluation of effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins extract on debilitated mandibles in rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15287548

Mechanistic pathways of antioxidant cytoprotection by a novel IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12587719

Modulatory effect of coffee fruit extract on plasma levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in healthy subjects. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23312069

Modulatory effect of grape-seed procyanidins on local and systemic inflammation in diet-induced obesity rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20655715

Oligomerized grape seed proanthocyanidins ameliorates isoproterenol-induced cardiac remodeling in rats: role of oxidative stress. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21077263

Oral administration of grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts downregulate RAGE dependant nuclear factor- kappa BP65 expression in the hippocampus of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18273752

Oral grape seed extract inhibits prostate tumor growth and progression in TRAMP mice. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17575168

Oral intake of proanthocyanidin-rich extract from grape seeds improves chloasma. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15597304

Postcontusion polyphenol treatment alters inflammation and muscle regeneration. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22033514

Postprandial blood glucose response to grape seed extract in healthy participants: A pilot study. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23060692

Potential application of grape derived polyphenols in Huntington’s disease. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21331299

Preventive effect of grape seed extract against high-fructose diet-induced insulin resistance and oxidative stress in rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20412828

Proanthocyanidin exposure to B6C3F1 mice significantly attenuates dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver tumor induction and mortality by differentially modulating programmed and unprogrammed cell deaths. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16197968

Proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract reduces leg swelling in healthy women during prolonged sitting. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22752876

Proanthocyanidins inhibit in vitro and in vivo growth of human non-small cell lung cancer cells by inhibiting the prostaglandin E(2) and prostaglandin E(2) receptors. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20145019

Proanthocyanidins inhibit mitogenic and survival-signaling in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17981597

Proanthocyanidins inhibit photocarcinogenesis through enhancement of DNA repair and xeroderma pigmentosum group A-dependent mechanism. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20947490

Procyanidin-rich extract from grape seeds prevents cataract formation in hereditary cataractous (ICR/f) rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12166994

Protection against drug- and chemical-induced multiorgan toxicity by a novel IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11276828

Protective effect of grape seed extract on gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20852368

Protective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins against liver ischemic reperfusion injury: particularly in diet-induced obese mice. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23139633

Protective effect of red grape seeds proanthocyanidins against induction of diabetes by alloxan in rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15925517

Protective effect of the grape seed proanthocyanidin extract in a rat model of contrast-induced nephropathy. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22677922

Protective effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts on cerebral cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats through modulating AGEs/RAGE/NF-kappaB pathway. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20495289

Protective role of grape seed extract against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and genotoxicity in albino mice. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20553142

Proteomic analysis of aorta and protective effects of grape seed procyanidin B2 in db/db mice reveal a critical role of milk fat globule epidermal growth factor-8 in diabetic arterial damage. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23285083

Proteomic analysis of kidney and protective effects of grape seed procyanidin B2 in db/db mice indicate MFG-E8 as a key molecule in the development of diabetic nephropathy. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23474305

Proteomics analysis of rat brain protein modulations by grape seed extract. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15612770

Red grape seed extract improves lipid profiles and decreases oxidized low-density lipoprotein in patients with mild hyperlipidemia. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23437789

Renoprotective effect of grape seed extract against oxidative stress induced by gentamicin and hypercholesterolemia in rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21787152

Study of anti-atherosclerosic effect of grape seed extract and its mechanism. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12600036

Study of antiobesity effects of ethanolic and water extracts of grapes seeds. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22754935

The effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract in preventing amikacin-induced nephropathy. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22263836

The effect of grape-seed extract on 24 h energy intake in humans. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15042136

The effect of supplementation of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on vascular dysfunction in experimental diabetes. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21663473

The effect of the flavonoid diosmin, grape seed extract and red wine on the pulmonary metastatic B16F10 melanoma. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16136495

The efficiency of proanthocyanidin in an experimental pulmonary fibrosis model: comparison with taurine. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22415195

The involvement of iNOS activity in the anticonvulsant effect of grape seed extract on the penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23524183

The lipid-lowering effect of dietary proanthocyanidins in rats involves both chylomicron-rich and VLDL-rich fractions. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22011563

The molecular mechanism of protective effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on reperfusion arrhythmias in rats in vivo. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20460751

The proanthocyanidins inhibit dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver damage in rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20191358

Topical grape (Vitis vinifera) seed extract promotes repair of full thickness wound in rabbit. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21816000

Topical grape seed proanthocyandin extract reduces sunburn cells and mutant p53 positive epidermal cell formation, and prevents depletion of Langerhans cells in an acute sunburn model. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22103910

Unique organoprotective properties of a novel IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on cadmium chloride-induced nephrotoxicity, dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced splenotoxicity and mocap-induced neurotoxicity in mice. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11334361

Bullies share several common traits that can be used in forming a personality profile. Identifying the personality of potential bullies would allow them to be medicated in advance to prevent them from ruining the lives of others.

Some traits of bullies include:

Animal abuse

Antisocial personality disorder

Callousness

Carrying weapons

Conduct disorder

Genetic factors

Irritability

Low arousal level

Machiavellianism

Morally disengaged reasoning

Unemotional traits

References:

Adult psychiatric outcomes of bullying and being bullied by peers in childhood and adolescence. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23426798

Bullying and victimization among Turkish children and adolescents: examining prevalence and associated health symptoms. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22735980

Cross-national consistency in the relationship between bullying behaviors and psychosocial adjustment. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15289243

Genetic and environmental influences on victims, bullies and bully-victims in childhood. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18181884

Identifying children at risk for being bullies in the United States. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22989731

Moral disengagement in self-reported and peer-nominated school bullying. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21274851

Moral reasoning and emotion attributions of adolescent bullies, victims, and bully-victims. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23039330

Patterns of adolescent bullying behaviors: physical, verbal, exclusion, rumor, and cyber. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22710019

Psychiatric correlates of bullying in the United States: findings from a national sample. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20177967

Psychological profile of male and female animal abusers. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22007108

Social competition in school: relationships with bullying, Machiavellianism and personality. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11059121

The association between bullying behaviour, arousal levels and behaviour problems. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15925689

The presence of callous/unemotional traits among students in different roles of bullying. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23180734

Weapon-carrying at Swiss schools? A gender-specific typology in context of victim and offender related violence. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15288749

What is the early adulthood outcome of boys who bully or are bullied in childhood? The Finnish “From a Boy to a Man” study. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17671067

Research into the human connectome and connectomics represents a fascinating area of research. The developing brain and the connections that form between neural regions determines important areas of human life such as intelligence and emotion.

References:

A comprehensive assessment of regional variation in the impact of head micromovements on functional connectomics. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23499792

A DTI-Based Template-Free Cortical Connectome Study of Brain Maturation. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23675475

Altered resting state functional brain network topology in chemotherapy-treated breast cancer survivors. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22820143

Altered small-world topology of structural brain networks in infants with intrauterine growth restriction and its association with later neurodevelopmental outcome. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22281673

Autistic traits in neurotypical adults: correlates of graph theoretical functional network topology and white matter anisotropy patterns. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23593367

Breakdown of Brain Connectivity between Normal Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Structural k-Core Network Analysis. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23701292

Cognitive and default-mode resting state networks: do male and female brains “rest” differently? http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20725910

Comprehensive in vivo mapping of the human basal ganglia and thalamic connectome in individuals using 7T MRI. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22235267

Connectomics signatures of prenatal cocaine exposure affected adolescent brains. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22461404

Consistency of network modules in resting-state FMRI connectome data. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22952978

Correspondence between structure and function in the human brain at rest. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22470337

Coupling of functional connectivity and regional cerebral blood flow reveals a physiological basis for network hubs of the human brain. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23319644

Development of brain structural connectivity between ages 12 and 30: a 4-Tesla diffusion imaging study in 439 adolescents and adults. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22982357

Diffusion tensor tractography reveals disrupted topological efficiency in white matter structural networks in multiple sclerosis. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21467209

Discovery of genes that affect human brain connectivity: a genome-wide analysis of the connectome. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22903411

Disrupted functional brain connectome in individuals at risk for Alzheimer’s disease. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22537793

Dynamic functional connectomics signatures for characterization and differentiation of PTSD patients. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23671011

Exploring the psychosis functional connectome: aberrant intrinsic networks in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22291663

Extended Broca’s Area in the Functional Connectome of Language in Adults: Combined Cortical and Subcortical Single-Subject Analysis Using fMRI and DTI Tractography. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23001727

Functional connectivity and brain networks in schizophrenia. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20631176

Genome-wide scan of healthy human connectome discovers SPON1 gene variant influencing dementia severity. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23471985

Impaired structural motor connectome in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21912680

Mapping the human connectome at multiple scales with diffusion spectrum MRI. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22001222

Predicting regional neurodegeneration from the healthy brain functional connectome. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22445348

Reduced fronto-temporal and limbic connectivity in the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: vulnerability markers for developing schizophrenia? http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23533586

Revealing topological organization of human brain functional networks with resting-state functional near infrared spectroscopy. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23029235

Rich-club organization of the human connectome. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22049421

Shared and Distinct Intrinsic Functional Network Centrality in Autism and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23541632

Test-retest reliability of computational network measurements derived from the structural connectome of the human brain. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23350832

Test-retest reliability of resting-state connectivity network characteristics using fMRI and graph theoretical measures. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21888983

The influence of preterm birth on the developing thalamocortical connectome. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22959979

The structural connectome of the human brain in agenesis of the corpus callosum. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23268782

Toward discovery science of human brain function. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20176931

Towards the “baby connectome”: mapping the structural connectivity of the newborn brain. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22347423

The H7N9 influenza strain is spreading in certain places and research is ongoing. This research includes  human epidemiology, animal models of the disease, potential treatments, and more.

References:

Analysis of the clinical characteristics and treatment of two patients with avian influenza virus (H7N9). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23612081

Clinical Findings in 111 Cases of Influenza A (H7N9) Virus Infection. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23697469

Environmental connections of novel avian-origin H7N9 influenza virus infection and virus adaptation to the human. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23657795

Genetic analysis of novel avian A(H7N9) influenza viruses isolated from patients in China, February to April 2013. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23594575

Genomic signature and protein sequence analysis of a novel influenza A (H7N9) virus that causes an outbreak in humans in China. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23628410

H7N9 Incident, immune status, the elderly and a warning of an influenza pandemic. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23592638

Human infection with a novel avian-origin influenza A (H7N9) virus. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23577628

Human infections with the emerging avian influenza A H7N9 virus from wet market poultry: clinical analysis and characterisation of viral genome. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23623390

Induction of cross-reactive antibodies to novel H7N9 influenza virus by recombinant Newcastle disease virus expressing a North American lineage H7 subtype hemagglutinin. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23698299

Infectivity, Transmission, and Pathology of Human H7N9 Influenza in Ferrets and Pigs. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23704376

Molecular Detection of Human H7N9 Influenza A Virus Causing Outbreaks in China. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23665848

Origin and diversity of novel avian influenza A H7N9 viruses causing human infection: phylogenetic, structural, and coalescent analyses. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23643111

Pathogenesis, Transmissibility, and Ocular Tropism of a Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H7N3) Virus Associated with Human Conjunctivitis. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23487452

Population-level antibody estimates to novel influenza A/H7N9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23687225

Preliminary Report: Epidemiology of the Avian Influenza A (H7N9) Outbreak in China. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23614499

Visual detection of human infection with influenza A (H7N9) virus by subtype-specific reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification with hydroxynaphthol blue dye. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23718218

Infectious diseases can increase the risk of developing irritable bowel syndrome or other gastrointestinal problems. This is known as postinfectious or postinfective irritable bowel syndrome. These diseases and infections include:

• Campylobacter

• Dysentery

• Gastroenteritis

• Giardia

• Norovirus

• Salmonella

• Shigella

References:

An outbreak of acute bacterial gastroenteritis is associated with an increased incidence of irritable bowel syndrome in children. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20179687

Antibodies to flagellin indicate reactivity to bacterial antigens in IBS patients. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18694443

Development and validation of a risk score for post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19568228

Development of functional gastrointestinal disorders after Giardia lamblia infection. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19383162

Disease burden of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome in The Netherlands. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20223049

Distinctive clinical, psychological, and histological features of postinfective irritable bowel syndrome. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12873581

Does bacterial gastroenteritis predispose people to functional gastrointestinal disorders? A prospective, community-based, case-control study. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14499773

Dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome after a Salmonella gastroenteritis outbreak: one-year follow-up cohort study. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16012939

Eight year prognosis of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome following waterborne bacterial dysentery. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20427395

Gastrointestinal symptoms after infectious diarrhea: a five-year follow-up in a Swedish cohort of adults. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17445752

Genetic risk factors for post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome following a waterborne outbreak of gastroenteritis. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20044998

Histopathological alterations in post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome in Bangladeshi population. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20395926

Imbalanced shift of cytokine expression between T helper 1 and T helper 2 (Th1/Th2) in intestinal mucosa of patients with post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22816602

Incidence and epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome after a large waterborne outbreak of bacterial dysentery. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16890598

Incidence and risk factors of irritable bowel syndrome in community subjects with culture-proven bacterial gastroenteritis. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22832795

Incidence of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome and functional intestinal disorders following a water-borne viral gastroenteritis outbreak. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22525306

Increased immunoendocrine cells in intestinal mucosa of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome patients 3 years after acute Shigella infection–an observation in a small case control study. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20046513

Irritable bowel syndrome and chronic fatigue 3 years after acute giardiasis: historic cohort study. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21911849

Lactulose breath test results in patients with persistent abdominal symptoms following Giardia lamblia infection. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17943632

Pathogen-specific risk of chronic gastrointestinal disorders following bacterial causes of foodborne illness. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23510245

Patients and nonconsulters with irritable bowel syndrome reporting a parental history of bowel problems have more impaired psychological distress. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15309899

Post-infectious functional gastrointestinal disorders in children. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18492522

Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome in patients with Shigella infection. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15740480

Postinfectious gastrointestinal disorders following norovirus outbreaks. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22715178

Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome after a food-borne outbreak of acute gastroenteritis attributed to a viral pathogen. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17289440

Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome may occur after non-gastrointestinal and intestinal infection. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16918763

Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome: follow-up of a patient cohort of confirmed cases of bacterial infection with Salmonella or Campylobacter. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21883703

Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms six months after bacterial gastroenteritis and risk factors for development of the irritable bowel syndrome: postal survey of patients. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9080994

Prevalence of uninvestigated dyspepsia 8 years after a large waterborne outbreak of bacterial dysentery: a cohort study. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20117111

Prognosis in post-infective irritable bowel syndrome: a six year follow up study. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12171965

Protease activated receptor 4 status of mast cells in post infectious irritable bowel syndrome. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22151913

Real-time PCR analysis of enteric pathogens from fecal samples of irritable bowel syndrome subjects. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21518462

Relative importance of abnormalities of CCK and 5-HT (serotonin) in Giardia-induced post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20132151

Risk markers for both chronic fatigue and irritable bowel syndromes: a prospective case-control study in primary care. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19366500

Risk of irritable bowel syndrome after an episode of bacterial gastroenteritis in general practice: influence of comorbidities. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17445753

Subclinical mucosal inflammation in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in a tropical setting. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22486731

The clinical course of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome: a five-year follow-up study. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19262407

The development of irritable bowel syndrome after Shigella infection: 3 year follow-up study. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16632982

The Incidence and gastrointestinal infectious risk of functional gastrointestinal disorders in a healthy US adult population. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20859264

The role of psychological and biological factors in postinfective gut dysfunction. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10026328

The study on the role of inflammatory cells and mediators in post-infectious functional dyspepsia. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20163288

To “lump” or to “split” the functional somatic syndromes: can infectious and emotional risk factors differentiate between the onset of chronic fatigue syndrome and irritable bowel syndrome? http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16738080

Travel and travelers’ diarrhea in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20134008